WORKSHOP 1.1 - AGE OF DISCOVERY / PRIMARY SOURCES
Resources
Defining Primary Sources
Numerous websites exist that define and describe primary and secondary sources. Four excellent examples include:
Primary Sources Research-Yale University Library
http://www.library.yale.edu/ref/err/primsrcs.htm
Research Using Primary Sources-University of California, Berkeley, Library
http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/PrimarySources.html
Using Historical Sources-North Park University History Department
http://campus.northpark.edu/history/Classes/Basics/UsingSources.html
Using Primary Sources in the Primary Grades-ERIC Digests
http://www.ed.gov/databases/ERIC_Digests/ed419773.html
Finding Primary Sources
Archives, libraries, and other repositories around the world have posted online collections of primary materials. Many of these websites also include lesson plans and worksheets to help students learn how to analyze and interpret the sources.
American Memory-Library of Congress
http://memory.loc.gov
American Journeys-Wisconsin Historical Society
http://www.americanjourneys.org/
Archival Research Catalog-National Archives and Records Administration
http://www.archives.gov/research_room/arc/index.html
Archives Center-National Museum of American History
http://americanhistory.si.edu/archives/home.htm
Archives of American Art-Smithsonian Institution
http://archivesofamericanart.si.edu/
Archives of American Gardens-Smithsonian Institution
http://gardens.si.edu/horticulture/res_ed/AAG/home.htm
Exploring Florida-University of South Florida
http://fcit.usf.edu/florida
Florida Folklife from WPA Collections, 1937-1942-Library of Congress
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/flwpahtml/flwpahome.html
Florida Memory Project-Florida State Archives
http://www.floridamemory.com/
History Resources on the Internet-Christopher Newport University
http://www.cnu.edu/library/hist.html
History Resources on the Internet-University of Southern California
http://www.usc.edu/isd/elecresources/resources/history.html
National Air and Space Museum Archives-Smithsonian Institution
http://www.nasm.si.edu/nasm/arch/archdiv.htm
National Anthropological Archives-Smithsonian Institution
http://www.nmnh.si.edu/naa
National Museum of African Art Archives-Smithsonian Institution
http://www.nmafa.si.edu/resource/archives.htm
National Museum of the American Indian-Smithsonian Institution
http://www.nmai.si.edu/
National Register Research-National Register of Historic Places
http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/research
National Security Archive-George Washington University
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv
National Standards
http://www.mcrel.org/compendium/Standard.asp?SubjectID=5
Our Documents-National Archives and Records Administration
http://www.ourdocuments.gov/
Primary Sources-Hennepin County Library
http://www.hennepin.lib.mn.us/pub/wsc/rw_primarysources.cfm
Primary Sources-History Online
http://www.jacksonesd.k12.or.us/k12projects/jimperry/Primary.html
Research Links-National History Day
http://64.226.212.131/08_others/08_links.html
Primary Sources on the Web-Western Michigan University Libraries
http://www.wmich.edu/library/handouts/primary-sources.html
Smithsonian Institution Archives
http://www.si.edu/archives
Social Studies Sources-Indiana University, Bloomington
http://www.indiana.edu/~socialst
Using Primary Sources-ProTeacher
http://www.proteacher.com/090093.shtml
The Web's Best History Archive-The History Net
http://history.about.com/?once=true&
Lesson Plans and Activity Ideas
Numerous websites present lesson plans and classroom ideas that use primary sources as a central element of the activity.
American Memory Learning Page-Library of Congress
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amhome.html
The home page of the American Memory Project provides links to historical collections on the Web, resources for teachers, and lesson plans.
American Memory Learning Page-Library of Congress
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/lessons/psources/pshome.html
An excellent lesson plan introduces students to primary sources and presents activities that teach techniques for analyzing such materials.
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/lessons/primary.html
Activities are suggested for six broad categories of primary sources: objects, images, audio, statistics, text, and the community. Suggestions range from using historic photographs to study fashion trends over time to researching the history of famous local buildings and sites.
California Heritage Collection-University of California, Bancroft Library
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/calheritage/k12/primary.htm
A lesson with multiple activities involves students in gathering primary sources, constructing a timeline, creating a personal archival box, and critiquing primary and secondary sources.
EDSITEment-National Endowment for the Humanities
http://edsitement.neh.gov
NEH offers lesson plans and resources from various sources, and in four categories-art and culture, literature and language arts, foreign language, and history and social studies.
Florida Memory Project-Florida State Archives
http://www.floridamemory.com/
The Florida Memory Project offers access to the state photographic collections, including a webpage for kids; highlights of Florida history represented by maps, documents, and posters; and lesson plans based on primary sources.
School Programs for Students and Teachers-Maryland Historical Society
http://www.mdhs.org/teachers/worksheets.html
A set of nine worksheets teach students how to distinguish between primary and secondary sources, interpret different types of sources (broadside/ads, documents, maps, pictures, objects, and oral histories), and turn an idea into a research project.
Teacher Resources-Ohio Historical Society
http://www.ohiohistory.org/resource/teachers/primary.html
Materials downloaded from the Internet are the basis for a lesson that outlines a simple strategy for introducing the analysis and evaluation of primary source documents.
The Digital Classroom-National Archives and Records Administration
http://www.nara.gov/education/classrm.html
Lesson plans and/or activity ideas explore twenty-one topics in American history, using reproducible copies of primary documents from the holdings of the National Archives.
Using Primary Sources in the Curriculum-New York State Archives
http://www.archives.nysed.gov/services/teachers/globalstudies/primarysources.htm
More than twenty-five Internet sites that provide lesson plans or activity ideas are listed, and although some sites are state specific, they provide excellent models that teachers can adapt to local circumstances.